Fish Feed Production Technology

          Feed is one determining factor in intensive fish farming, fish both freshwater aquaculture, brackish water fish and farmed fish in the sea. Feed required by the fish since the size of the larvae (fry), grown to the size of the parent.
          The main function of food is to maintain the survival of fish, and if there kelebihanya will be used for growth. So if a farmer wants fish farming results they can grow optimally, then the farmer should try to give a good feed and exceed the needs for maintenance of the fish's body.
In the maintenance of traditional fishing, all fish needs to feed normally get from the foods nature provides. Pisciculture this way are usually not reliable to get the optimal fish farming.
Besides providing food naturally, humans may also trying to `provide food in the form of additional feed and artificial feed. Additional feed used in ponds with stocking that is not so. This additional feed usually lacks one or bebarapa nutrients, but these were commonly filled kekuranagan of natural food in the waters as plankton.
               In intensive fish farming using fish stocking density is high, as is done on a jetted pool and a cage floating, fish production is entirely dependent on artificial feed given to the pet fish. In pisciculture in this way the function of natural feed usually ignored.
In increasing the production of farmed fish optimally, artificial feeding is something that is absolutely necessary, it also means that the feed given must meet the nutritional needs of fish (nutritional requirements) fish.
                The nutritional value of forage fish are generally seen in the composition of nutrients they contain as the protein content in the feed, karbohidrad, fats, vitamins, minerals and energy content.

               The nutritional requirements of fish, chiefly the need for protein is generally higher than the chicken and mamlia needs. It needs to be decreased in accordance with increasing weight or size of the fish.If the feed given to the fish have a lower quality, so the fish can not grow well, even there will be specific symptoms called malnutrition (malnutrition).Aside from the nutrients contained in fish feed, other things haarus note is the right shape and size for the farmed fish. The forms of fish feed biasanyas form of an emulsion, suspension, flour, small plates, crumbs, pasta, round and pellets.                 In making the fish feed should possess certain technologies, in order to guarantee the availability of high-quality fish feed. The knowledge and skills that should be possessed include the introduction of the feed materials, ways of processing, making the fish feed formulation, feeding time and the physical properties of the fish feed.
NUTRITION FOR FISHWhat is meant by nutrition (nutrition) to fish is the knowledge of feeding on fish seen from the nutrients it contains. If the feed to be given to the nutritional value of fish have quite high, then this will not only ensure the survival of farmed fish but also will accelerate the process of growth of fish.All species of fish need good nutrition to pertumbuhanya, good nutrition comes from protein with essential amino, fatty essential fatty acids, kaarbohidrad, minerals and vitamins.A. ProteinProtein is a nutrient that must exist in fish feed. These nutrients contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Besides, there are proteins that contain phosphorus, sulfur, iron and other elements.Proteins with amino acid elements needed by the fish for growth, maintenance of body tissues, the formation of certain enzymes and some hormones and anti-body substances. Fish protein needs to vary according to the species and age of the fish, the fish needs to ujmumnya protein ranged from 20 to 60%. Small-sized fish or fish larvae require more protein in the ration makananya than large fish. Goldfish small size requires 43-47% protein in the ration makananya, while adult fish only need 37-42% protein. For this type of catfish only need 35-40% protein in pakanya, while having grown catfish require 25-36% protein.B. FatFats and oils are the common terms is called lipids, the most high-energy source in fish feed. Good fish food containing fat or oil between 4 and 18%. Excess fat in the diet may result in losses to the fish. When fish eat a lot of fat, there will be accumulation of fat in the walls of the abdominal cavity and viscera or intestines, consequently causing symptoms DAPT lipoid liver degeneration, other damage due to excess fat in the diet of fish feed is damage to the kidneys, serfta Adema symptoms and anemia.C. KarbohidraKarbohidrad is one source of energy in fish feed. Karbohidrad consists of coarse fibers and extract materials without nitrogen. So the elements composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only.Karbohidrad in fish feed needs depending on the type ikanya, types of fish-eating carnivores generally takes between 20-30% karbohidrad in pakanya whereas the type of catfish only requires 10-20% karbohidrad in pakanya.
FISH FEED FORMULATION AND METHOD KUADRADA. Fish Feed FormulationIn determining the formulation paka fish b ahan-materials to be used should have known the composition of the nutrients contained therein. Formulation of fish feed is usually tailored to the type of fish that will be maintained, for example, the fish group hertbivora composition pakanya should more ingredients derived from vegetable protein, fish omnivore should formulation pakanya have to get the balance between the vegetable material with animal ingredients , while the fish types of carnivorous priority to food products obtained from animal protein for formulation pakanya.B. methodA KuadaradThere are four ways in determining the formulation of fish feed, but usually due consideration of various matters including due to the complete calculation is needed to make the formulation of fish feed, the extension is recommended formulation of fish feed using the method kuadrad, four ways are: a) the method of trial and error , b) the method of algebraic equations, c) the method of rectangular Pearson / the method of squares, and d) the method of linear programming.In preparing the formula feed for fish or other animal, the protein is part of a major concern, because usually foods that contain lots of protein is quite expensive.Based kandaungan levels of protein, fish feed ingredients consisting of:1. Feed basal protein, ie fish feed ingredients that contain vegetable or animal
    proteinya below 20%, protein feed is also called the basal energy feed supplementation.2. Feeding supplemental protein, ie fish feed ingredients proteinya content above 20%.According to the criteria above levels of protein, fish feed formulations can be prepared with a particular desired protein. Examples of the use of the method of kuadrad in the preparation of fish feed is as follows: Raw fish feed to be used consists of fish meal protein trash by 62.99%, with 15.58% fine bran, corn flour with 9.50% protein, wheat flour 12.27% protein, and soy flour with 46.36% protein.