Weeds are often referred to as "plant pests" because it competes with the main plant to the needs of the resources (resources) are the same that nutrient elements, water, light, and space to grow. As a result of this competition, the production plants are not optimal, or in other words no yield loss of potential output of the plant. Crop yield loss vary widely, influenced by a number of factors, among others, the plant's ability to compete, the types of weeds, plant age and the age of weeds, cultivation techniques and their duration compete.
How to Control Weeds
a. , Chemical methods of weed control1. Definition of herbicideHerbicides are chemicals that can suppress the growth of weeds and can even be deadly.The use of herbicides or other chemicals to kill weeds, must be done carefully and wisely to meet the six (6) proper, namely:Exactly quality On time Right on targetright doseright concentrationExactly how the application.Furthermore, it should also consider the efficiency, effectiveness, and safe for the environment.
How Herbicides Work
The workings of herbicides can be classified into two general categories: contact and systemic herbicide.Contact herbicides.These herbicides were only able to eradicate weeds sprayed it, especially the part that berhijau leaves and actively photosynthesize.It features, can kill weeds quickly, 2-3 hours after spraying weeds wither and die 2-3 days later. So it is useful if the time of planting should be done immediately. The disadvantage, weeds will grow back quickly about two weeks later. Examples are the contact herbicide paraquat.Systemic herbicides.How it works is this herbicide piped into the tissues of weeds and off target tissues such as leaves, growing points, shoots up to the roots. It features, can be deadly bud - buds that exist in the soil, thus inhibiting the growth of weeds. Examples of systemic herbicide is glyphosate, sulfosat.Some of the factors that influence the effectiveness of systemic herbicide, namely:Weeds should be in a period of active growthThe weather was sunny time of spraying.Not to spray before the rain.Dry the area to be sprayed.Use clean water as a solvent.May be mixed with the herbicide 2,4D amine or with herbicides metsulfuron.
Herbicide selectivityNo herbicides are selective and non-selective. Selective herbicides kill weeds only and do not affect plant growth. Example: Herbicides propanol, eradicate weeds leafy ribbon group, amine 2,41D Herbicides kill weeds broadleaf and puzzles.Not Selective herbicides, herbicide can kill weeds and plants. Example: herbicide glyphosate, killing all the weeds and plants containing chlorophyll leaves.Whether a selective herbicide depending on the measure used. The higher the dose used, will be further reduced selectivity.
Herbicide Application TimeTime herbicide applications should be adapted to the purpose and objectives. Herbicides for land preparation (pre-planting), and herbicides for maintenance (pre-grown and post-growing) different uses.Pratanam is sprayed herbicide to the weeds growing as soil preparation before planting. Pre-planting herbicide is glyphosate and paraquat, with the recommended dose.Pratumbuh, herbicides were applied before the weeds germinate and plants, or herbicides are applied to the weeds do not germinate but the plants have grown.Herbicide application is usually done at 0-4 days after tillage (before or after planting).The seeds of weeds will germinate at the age of 3-5 days after tillage. Therefore, pre-grown herbicide application must be made before 3-4 days after tillage.Post-growing, herbicide application was done on weeds and plants have grown. Post-growing herbicide that is not selective as glyphosate can also be used for maintenance or weeding, provided in the spray should not be on the rice plant (must use a funnel), because when hit will cause poisoning and even rice crops could die.
Calculating the need for herbicidesSpraying requires atomizer and sprayed herbicide solution. Herbicide solution can also be determined and its determination by counting. Before spraying, actions that are important to keep in mind is to keep spraying should thoroughly clean. Clearly, the tank must be clean from previous use of the former. The solution should be homogeneous, calibration should be performed several times. Calibration is calculate / measure the water needs of a syringe for a specific areal extents. Calibration should be performed at each time point will do the spraying are:Avoid waste herbicideMinimize toxicity in plants due to accumulation of herbicideMinimize the environmental pollutionWhen using spray equipment (tanks) size of 2.5-liter and 1.5-meter wide spray, then when the total area to be sprayed is 1 ha (10.000m2), the amount of water needed is:The volume of water = (10,000 m2 x 2.5 liters) / (1.5 m x 33.3 m)= (10,000 m2 x 2.5 liters of water) / (50 m2)
= 500 liters / haIf the dose of herbicide to be used is a three-liter (3000 ml) / ha, the herbicides needed for 15 liters of water mixing water are:
Volume herbicide = (15 liters x 3000 ml) / (500 liter)
= 90 ml herbicide / 15 liters of water
How to apply herbicideHerbicides will be successful and effective when used properly according to the instructions as follows:Evenly throughout the target areaDose accordance with the requirements per unit areaSteps spraying:Setting up a hand sprayer (type semi-automatic)Setting up the measuring cups, buckets (+ 10 liters capacity), stirrer, gloves, masks, mouthpiece, cap, wear park, herbicides and water.Use a mask and gloves.Measure the volume of herbicides, and mix with water + 10 litersStirring the herbicide with water, use mixerPouring in hand sprayer tank, use a funnelClosing the hand sprayer tank meeting.Carrying hand sprayerTurn off the faucet nozzle, move the lever hand pump sprayer 3-5 times, then open the faucet nozzlesSpraying red chili crop land that no weedsCleaning hand sprayerb. Mechanical methods of weed controlMechanical weed control techniques include the following:
1. Using a handMechanical weed control techniques with the types of weeds, especially broadleaf weeds, newly grown and have shallow roots can be done by pulling it manually by clicking use a hand.
2. Using a hoe
Weed control technique by using a hoe, it is very easy to implement, in particular by hoeing the soil surface is overgrown by weeds / weed undesirable and can interfere with the growth of red pepper plants. At the time of hoeing weeds cultivated depth weed hoe to lift the following with its roots, with a slope of 450 hoe, hoe weeds later cleared of land still further entrained and weeds are removed.
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